If accidental, natural, or man-made upset happened to a single one of these infrastructures then this can have vast consequences and cascading effects to many other infrastructures of the USA. In 2005, there were: two million miles of pipeline, 2800 power plants (with 300,000 production sites providing assets), 104 nuclear power plants, 80,000 dams, 60,000 chemical plants, 87,000 food-processing plants, 28,600 networked Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation institutions, and 1600 water-treatment plants. For example, in the USA alone there are 560,104 infrastructures. Map data including critical infrastructures’ are highly complex and include very large sets of data. Initial tests consist of a 1 km 2 landscape map containing up to 16 million vertices’ and run at an optimal 51.66 frames per-second. Evaluation of initial visualised scenes is presented. The hybrid map generation combines LiDAR, Ordnance Survey, and OpenStreetMap data to generate 3D cities spanning 1 km 2. Consequently, we present a case study into issues related to combining multiple large datasets to create an accurate representation of a novel, multi-layered, hybrid real-world maps. We believe the use of creating a 3D virtual environment using real map data whilst correcting and completing the missing data, improves the quality and performance of crisis management decision support system to provide a more natural and intuitive interface for crisis managers. The domain of application of our work is crisis management which requires very accurate GIS or map information. Some existing map data include errors and are not complete, which makes the generation of realistic and accurate 3D environments problematic. Challenges involved in this area concern the large data-sets to be dealt with. In this paper we investigate the use of games technologies for the research and the development of 3D representations of real environments captured from GIS information and open source map data.
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